I. Market and Technical ResearchSince 2003, I have been engaged in the key project of localizing WVT-12 vacuum circuit breaker technology for Anhui Longbo Company. At that time, in the 12kV voltage class, vacuum circuit breakers had occupied more than 98% of the total circuit breakers. With the advancement of power grid construction and the growth of industrial and residential electricity demand, the domestic and international markets have shown a continuous upward trend in the demand for advanc

I. Equipment Dilemmas in Freezing WintersThe 35kV switch room of the 110kV substation in Luliang Oilfield, commissioned in 2002, has always been a key area for my maintenance team. The original ZN23-40.5/1600 vacuum circuit breakers, equipped with spring operating mechanisms, posed recurring challenges during subzero winters. With over 200 components and a 12-stage mechanical linkage, the spring mechanisms suffered severe wear on sliding friction surfaces. In temperatures as low as -40°C, lu

VS1 - Type Indoor High - Voltage Vacuum Circuit BreakerThe VS1 - type indoor high - voltage vacuum circuit breaker is an indoor device for three - phase AC 50Hz with a rated voltage of 12kV. It is used for the control and protection of electrical facilities in industrial and mining enterprises, power plants, and substations. The circuit breaker arranges the main circuit and the operating mechanism on a special - shaped frame in a front - rear manner, that is, an integral layout. This structural

ZN63A Indoor AC High-Voltage Vacuum Circuit BreakerThe ZN63A indoor AC high-voltage vacuum circuit breaker is a three-phase AC 50 Hz, 12 kV indoor device, used for starting, stopping, controlling, and protecting high-voltage motors of 10,000-ton free forging presses. AC high-voltage vacuum circuit breakers play a critical role in enterprise production. Timely and accurate resolution of their faults to quickly restore production is essential for enterprise development. During the start/stop of hi

Brief Introduction to Thermal Generating UnitsElectricity generation relies on both renewable and non - renewable energy resources. Thermal generating units represent a conventional approach to power production. In these units, fuels such as coal, nuclear energy, natural gas, biofuel, and biogas are combusted within a boiler.The boiler of a generating unit is an extremely complex system. In its simplest conception, it can be visualized as a chamber whose walls are lined with pipes, through which

A vacuum circuit breaker is a type of circuit breaker in which both the arc - extinguishing medium and the insulating medium in the gap between the contacts after arc - extinction are vacuum. As a protection and control unit for power equipment and power - driven equipment in industrial and mining enterprises, indoor AC high - voltage vacuum circuit breakers have diverse applications and can be installed in fixed cabinets, middle - mounted cabinets, and double - layer cabinets. As a crucial elec

VS1 Indoor High - Voltage Vacuum Circuit Breaker Fault Analysis and Improvement MeasuresThe VS1 indoor high - voltage vacuum circuit breaker is an indoor switching device used in 12 kV power systems. Due to its excellent performance, it is especially suitable for places that require frequent operation at rated working current or multiple interruptions of short - circuit current. The operating mechanism of the VS1 indoor high - voltage vacuum circuit breaker is integrated with the circuit breaker

Common Generator Faults and Protection SystemsClassification of Generator FaultsGenerator faults are primarily categorized into internal and external types:Internal Faults: Arise from issues within generator components.External Faults: Stem from abnormal operating conditions or external network issues.Faults in prime movers (e.g., diesel engines, turbines) are mechanical in nature and defined during equipment design, though they must integrate with generator protections for tripping purposes.Typ

The typical electric power system network is categorized into three main components: generation, transmission, and distribution. Electric power is produced in power plants, which are often located far from load centers. As a result, transmission lines are employed to deliver power over long distances.To minimize transmission losses, high-voltage power is used in transmission lines, and the voltage is reduced at the load center. The distribution system then delivers this power to end-users.Types

It is well-known that single-phase and three-phase systems are the most prevalent configurations for power transmission, distribution, and end-use applications. While both serve as fundamental power supply frameworks, three-phase systems offer distinct advantages over their single-phase counterparts.Notably, multi-phase systems (such as 6-phase, 12-phase, etc.) find specific applications in power electronics—particularly in rectifier circuits and variable frequency drives (VFDs)—wher