Pure Resistive AC CircuitA circuit containing only a pure resistanceR(in ohms) in an AC system is defined as a Pure Resistive AC Circuit, devoid of inductance and capacitance. Alternating current and voltage in such a circuit oscillate bidirectionally, generating a sine wave (sinusoidal waveform). In this configuration, power is dissipated by the resistor, with voltage and current in perfect phase—both reaching their peak values simultaneously. As a passive component, the resistor neither

Pure Capacitor CircuitA circuit comprising only a pure capacitor with capacitanceC(measured in farads) is termed a Pure Capacitor Circuit. Capacitors store electrical energy within an electric field, a characteristic known ascapacitance(alternatively referred to as a "condenser"). Structurally, a capacitor consists of two conductive plates separated by a dielectric medium—common dielectric materials include glass, paper, mica, and oxide layers. In an ideal AC capacitor circuit, the current

Resistance SwitchingResistance switching refers to the practice of connecting a fixed resistor in parallel with the contact gap or arc of a circuit breaker. This technique is applied in circuit breakers with high post-arc resistance in the contact space, primarily to mitigate re-striking voltages and transient voltage surges.Severe voltage fluctuations in power systems arise from two main scenarios: interrupting low-magnitude inductive currents and breaking capacitive currents. Such overvoltages

The Biot-Savart Law is employed to determine the magnetic field intensity dHnear a current-carrying conductor. In other words, it describes the relationship between the magnetic field intensity generated by a source current element. This law was formulated in 1820 by Jean-Baptiste Biot and Félix Savart. For a straight wire, the direction of the magnetic field adheres to the right-hand rule. The Biot-Savart Law is also referred to as Laplace’s law or Ampère’s law.Conside

DefinitionThe maximum value of the reverse voltage that a PN junction or diode can withstand without damage is termed thePeak Inverse Voltage (PIV). This PIV rating is specified and explained in the datasheet provided by the manufacturer.However, if the voltage across the junction under reverse bias exceeds this specified value, the junction will be damaged.As shown in the figure above, a PN junction or diode is commonly used as a rectifier, i.e., to convert alternating current (AC) to direct cu

Definition: When the resistance of certain metals and semiconductor materials changes in the presence of a magnetic field, this phenomenon is referred to as the magnetoresistance effect. The components that exhibit this effect are called magnetoresistors. Put simply, a magnetoresistor is a type of resistor whose resistance value fluctuates with the strength and direction of an external magnetic field.Magnetoresistors play a crucial role in detecting the presence of a magnetic field, measuring it

Methods of Voltage Control in Power SystemThe voltage within a power system is subject to variation in accordance with load fluctuations. Typically, the voltage is elevated during light - load periods and reduced under heavy - load conditions. To maintain the system voltage within acceptable limits, additional equipment is necessary. This equipment serves to increase the voltage when it is low and decrease it when it is overly high. The following are the methods employed in power systems for vol

How Input Voltage Affects the Current Through a Load Resistor in an Ideal TransformerAn ideal transformer is one that assumes no energy losses (such as copper loss or iron loss). Its primary function is to change the levels of voltage and current while ensuring that the input power equals the output power. The operation of an ideal transformer is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and there is a fixed turns ratio n between the primary and secondary coils, given by n=N2 /N1, whe

Can NTC Cause Any Impedance Issues?NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors are electronic components whose resistance decreases as temperature increases. They are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature compensation, and overheat protection applications. However, in certain scenarios, NTC thermistors can lead to impedance-related issues. Below are several potential situations and their solutions:1. High Initial Impedance Issue: At low temperatures, the resistance of an NTC

How to Measure Gate LeakageMeasuring gate leakage typically refers to measuring the leakage current between the gate and source or drain in a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET) or similar devices. Gate leakage is an important parameter for assessing device reliability and performance, especially in high-voltage and high-frequency applications. Below are some common methods and techniques for measuring gate leakage:1. Using a Precision Current Meter (Picoammeter)Precision