When dealing with parallel circuits, multiple branches are connected in parallel. Each branch contains components such as resistors, inductors, and capacitors, forming a series circuit within that branch. Each branch is first analyzed separately as a series circuit, and then the effects of all branches are combined.In circuit calculations, both the magnitude and phase angle of current and voltage are taken into account. When solving the circuit, the magnitudes and phase angles of voltages and cu

DefinitionInstruments that utilize a permanent magnet to generate a stationary magnetic field within which a coil moves are known as Permanent Magnet Moving Coil (PMMC) instruments. They operate on the principle that torque is exerted on a moving coil situated in the magnetic field of a permanent magnet. PMMC instruments provide accurate results for direct current (DC) measurements.Construction of PMMC InstrumentThe moving coil and the permanent magnet are the key components of a PMMC instrument

Key Differences Between Glass and Porcelain InsulatorsBoth porcelain and glass insulators are widely applied in power transmission and distribution to insulate overhead line conductors from supporting towers and poles. With extended service lives and suitability for high voltage ratings, their unique characteristics and properties define their distinct application scenarios.Porcelain InsulatorsPorcelain, a ceramic material, is valued for its absence of internal defects such as voids, cracks, or

What is a Static VAR Compensator (SVC)?A Static VAR Compensator (SVC), also termed a Static Reactive Compensator, is a critical device for enhancing the power factor in electrical power systems. As a type of static reactive power compensation equipment, it injects or absorbs reactive power to maintain optimal voltage levels, ensuring stable grid operation.An integral part of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS), an SVC comprises a bank of capacitors and reactors controlled by power electr

Key Differences and Comparison Between Underground and Overhead Power Transmission & DistributionPublic SafetyIn terms of public safety, underground systems outperform overhead transmission systems. With all transmission and distribution components buried, underground setups minimize risks from obstacles and external interference. Additionally, they are less susceptible to environmental factors like wind, storms, and heavy rain, making them inherently more secure.Initial CostUnderground syst

In an electrical power system, various devices are utilized to enhance power factor and operational efficiency. Shunt capacitors and shunt reactors represent two distinct components designed to optimize the performance of electrical grids. This article explores their key differences, beginning with an overview of their fundamental principles.Shunt CapacitorsA shunt capacitor refers to a single capacitor or a group of capacitors (termed a capacitor bank) connected in parallel to the power system.