A vacuum pump is a device that removes gas molecules from a sealed chamber or container, creating a partial or complete vacuum. Vacuum pumps are widely used in various industries and research fields, such as aerospace, electronics, metallurgy, chemistry, medicine, and biotechnology. Vacuum pumps can also be used for applications such as vacuum packaging, vacuum forming, vacuum coating, vacuum drying, and vacuum filtration.In this article, we will explain what vacuum pumps are, how they work, wha

Steam power plants are still the backbone of the total power generation in the Asia pacific. Thus even a small improvement in the form of increasing the efficiency has a tremendous effect on the fuel-saving and also a reduction in emission of greenhouse gases.Thus one should not miss out on any opportunity to find out the ways and means to increase the efficiency of the steam power cycle.The idea behind any improvement or modification is to increase the thermal efficiency of the power plant. Thu

Rankine Cycle with Closed Feed Water HeatersRankine cycle with closed feed water heaters are having its benefits and is most commonly used in all modern power plants. Closed feed water heater employs indirect mode of heat transfer, i.e extracted steam or bleed steam from the turbine transfers its heat indirectly to feed water in shell and tube heat exchanger. Since the steam and water are not mixing directly, so both steam and water circuits are at different pressures. Close feed water heater in

What is the Rankine Cycle?The Rankine Cycle is a mechanical cycle commonly used in power plants to convert the pressure energy of steam into mechanical energy through steam turbines. The Rankine Cycle’s major components include a rotating steam turbine, a boiler pump, a stationary condenser, and a boiler.A boiler is used to heat the water for steam at the required pressure and temperature as per the turbine’s requirement for power generation.The turbine exhaust is directed to the radial or axial

Carnot CycleThe Carnot cycle is a thermodynamic cycle that is known for the best possible efficiency. Carnot cycle changes the energy available in the form of heat to produce useful reversible-adiabatic (isotropic) and other processes.Carnot engine efficiency is one minus the ratio of the temperature of the hot thermal reservoir to the temperature of the cold reservoir. The Carnot cycle is known for setting the highest efficiency benchmark that any cycle or engine can achieve.Work is done by the

The objective is to develop the basics understanding of the following concepts: Internal Energy and First Law of Thermodynamics The cyclic and arbitrary process of a system Reversibility and Irreversibility Entropy and Enthalpy Second Law of ThermodynamicsInternal Energy and First Law of ThermodynamicsWhen the energy of a molecule within a system is associated with the property of the system, then it is termed as Internal Energy(u).Energy neither be created nor be destroyed and based on this pri

The fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics play an important role in moving towards a better world, through improvement in performance of the plant, equipment, and their overall design.Factors that are critical in assessing the performance of the equipment are items like the output of the final product, consumption of input raw material, production cost, and assessment of the effect on environmental. Engineers today are using the concept of thermodynamics to examine and reinvent things which

The expression of the pressure difference between inside and outside of a chimney shows that it has a term which is the height of the chimney. To achieve sufficient pressure difference between two points or to attain enough natural draught we have to increase the height of the chimney which is not always practical in the view of cost-effectiveness. In those cases, we have to think about artificial draught instead of natural draught. We can achieve artificial draught, mainly with two methods. One

Variety of materials are used for constructing Cooling Tower structures. Materials like fiber glass are used for constructing package cooling towers. However for field erected cooling towers material like steel, fiber glass, redwood and concrete and be used depending upon the project location and client preference.Plus and minuses of each cooling tower material is given below:Wood:Redwood as a material in cooling tower was used in 70’s and 80’s for small capacity cooling towers. Now a days becau

The boiler produces steam. If we utilize, a small portion of the pressurized steam for producing draught in a boiler system then we call the draught as steam jet draught. As the steam, causes the draught, generated in the boiler itself, there will be no need for extra electric power to run draught fans. Steam jet draught is a straight forward form of draught system in a boiler. No demand for additional electricity for running the draught fans hence reducing the cost of the system.Construction of