Electric Arc Furnace means an extremely hot enclosed space, where heat is produced by means of electrical arcing for melting certain metals such as scrap steel without changing electro-chemical properties of the metal.Here, electric arc is produced between the electrodes. This electric arc is used for melting the metal. The arc furnaces are used to produce mini steel structural bars and steel rods. The electric furnace is in form of a vertical vessel of fire brick. There are mainly two types of

Combustion is a rapid chemical reaction between fuel and oxygen. When combustible elements of fuel combine with O2, heat energy comes out. During combustion combustible elements like Carbon, Sulfur, Hydrogen etc combine with oxygen and produce respective oxides. The source of oxygen in fuel combustion is air. By volume there is 21% of Oxygen presents in air and by weight it is 23.2%. Although there is 79% (by volume) nitrogen in air but it plays no role in combustion.Actually Nitrogen carries he

What is Combustion?Combustion is a chemical process during which oxygen is combined with different elements of fuel. During this combination, a definite amount of heat is produced per unit mass of combustible element depending upon the element with which the oxygen combines. The elements participate in combustion process are oxygen, hydrogen, carbon and sulfur.There are various other elements in the fuel (coal) which do take part in combustion process such as iron, silicon etc. They usually exis

For obtaining maximum fuel combustion efficiency it is required to complete combustion of fuel inside the boiler furnace. For that, the sufficient supply of air and proper mixing of air with fuel are primary requirements. Adequate supply of fuel particles for proper burning also to be maintained.The combustion should produce designated temperature of the steam boiler and maintains it consistently.In addition to these, the methods of firing steam boiler are such that, the system may easily be han

Fluidization is a method of mixing fuel and air in a specific proportion, for obtaining combustion. A fluidized bed may be defined as the bed of solid particles behaving as a fluid. It operates on the principal that when an evenly distributed air is passed upward through a finely divided bed of solid particles at low velocity, the particles remain undisturbed, but if the velocity of air flow is steadily increased, a stage is reached when the individual particles are suspended in the air stream.I

The solid-fuel firing method is inefficient to take care properly the fluctuations of the load. There is a limitation in the combustion process. Solid-fuel firing method is not stable hence not suitable for large capacity thermal power plants. The flue gases contain a large quantity of ash, and for large capacity boiler, it is difficult to separate those ash particles from the exhaust gases during removal through the chimney. Hence, non-pulverized coal firing is not practical for a large boiler.

What is Steam Consumption in a Pipe?Steam consumed and steam utilized at the point of application are not equal. Normally steam consumed or generated in a steam boiler is more than what is required for use at the point of application.The difference in steam consumption and steam utilization is due to: Steam condensation when it travels on its way to point of use mainly due to exposed surfaces. Leakages (if any)When steam condenses on the wall of an exposed/uninsulated steam pipe, it gives up its

Superheated SteamWhen saturated steam generated in steam boiler is further passed through a heat transfer surfaces, then its temperature will starts increasing above evaporation or saturation.Steam is described as super heated, if its temperature is more than that of its saturation temperature. Degree of super-heat is directly related with the temperature of the steam heated above the saturation temperature.Super heat can only be provided to saturated steam and not to steam with presence of mois

What is Dryness Fraction?Steam is said to be dry saturated when at that particular pressure its temperature is equal to the boiling point. It is difficult to produce dry saturated steam in practice and steam will often contains water droplets. So steam generated in the drum of the boiler is often wet and contains some moisture. If the moisture content of the steam is 7% by mass, then the dryness fraction of the steam is said to be 0.93 and that means the steam is only 93% dry.Evaporation Enthalp

Steam flashing is a phenomenon that occurs when pressurized condensate is exposed to a lower pressure, causing some of the water to vaporize into steam. This process can be used to recover energy from the condensate and utilize it for various purposes. In this article, we will explain what steam flashing is, how it differs from normal steam generation, how it can be calculated, and what are its effects and applications.What is Steam Flashing?Steam flashing is defined as the formation of steam fr