Materials and Conductivity Copper Wire: Copper has excellent electrical conductivity with low resistivity, meaning it can transmit current more efficiently than other materials in the same size. Therefore, copper wire is typically the preferred choice for efficient power transmission applications such as household wiring, industrial power distribution, etc. GI Wire (Galvanized Steel Wire): The core of GI wire is steel, coated with a layer of zinc to prevent corrosion. While steel's conductivity

Substations are critical facilities in power systems used for voltage transformation, power distribution, and controlling the flow of electricity. Their primary functions include:Voltage TransformationSubstations use transformers to convert high voltage electricity to lower voltages, or vice versa, to meet the needs of different users and equipment.Power DistributionSubstations transmit electricity from power plants to various consumption areas, ensuring a stable and reliable power supply.Power

Impact of Temperature Changes on Transformer PerformanceThe influence of temperature changes on transformer performance is mainly reflected in the following aspects:Insulation Material Aging High Temperature: High temperatures accelerate the aging of internal insulation materials in transformers, reducing their insulating properties and increasing the risk of faults. Low Temperature: Low temperatures can make insulation materials brittle, leading to cracks, which also affects insulation effectiv

How Input Voltage Affects the Current Through a Load Resistor in an Ideal TransformerAn ideal transformer is one that assumes no energy losses (such as copper loss or iron loss). Its primary function is to change the levels of voltage and current while ensuring that the input power equals the output power. The operation of an ideal transformer is based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, and there is a fixed turns ratio n between the primary and secondary coils, given by n=N2 /N1, whe

A Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter (GFCI) protects people from electric shock by continuously monitoring the electrical current in a circuit. Its operation principle is as follows:1. Monitoring Current Balance: Inside a GFCI device, there is a current transformer or similar sensor that monitors the current in both the hot (live) wire and the neutral wire simultaneously. Under normal conditions, the current in these two wires should be equal but opposite in direction; the current flowing into the

Purpose of Sealing Oil Systems in Thermal Power PlantsIn thermal power plants, the sealing oil system (Sealing Oil System) is primarily used to ensure the normal operation of hydrogen-cooled generators. Specifically, the sealing oil system's main purpose is to prevent hydrogen leakage from the generator and to stop outside air from entering the generator. Below are the detailed uses and functions of the sealing oil system:1. Preventing Hydrogen Leakage Hydrogen Cooling: Many large generators use

What is a Ground Fault Overcurrent Relay in a Substation?A ground fault overcurrent relay is a protective device used to detect and protect against ground faults (also known as earth faults or single-phase ground faults) in power systems. It plays a crucial role in substations, ensuring the safety and reliability of the system.1. Working PrincipleThe primary function of a ground fault overcurrent relay is to monitor current imbalances in the power system, particularly detecting zero-sequence cur

Can NTC Cause Any Impedance Issues?NTC (Negative Temperature Coefficient) thermistors are electronic components whose resistance decreases as temperature increases. They are widely used in temperature measurement, temperature compensation, and overheat protection applications. However, in certain scenarios, NTC thermistors can lead to impedance-related issues. Below are several potential situations and their solutions:1. High Initial Impedance Issue: At low temperatures, the resistance of an NTC

What is a Phase Stabilizer?A phase stabilizer is a device or technology used to ensure that the phase relationships in power systems or signal transmissions remain constant. It plays a crucial role in several areas:1. Phase Stabilizers in Power SystemsIn power systems, phase stabilizers are typically used to maintain the phase relationships between generators, transformers, or other electrical equipment. This is critical for grid stability, especially when multiple generators are operating in pa

Purpose of HV and LV Bushings in TransformersIn transformers, High Voltage (HV) bushings and Low Voltage (LV) bushings are crucial components. Their primary purposes are to safely and reliably conduct current from inside the transformer to external circuits or vice versa. Below are their specific uses and functions:High Voltage (HV) BushingsInsulation Function: Electrical Isolation: The main function of HV bushings is to provide high voltage insulation, ensuring that high-voltage current can be