I. IntroductionIn recent years, with the continuous expansion of the power grid scale, substations, as crucial nodes in the power system, play a vital role in ensuring the reliability of the entire power grid through their safe and stable operation. Relay protection serves as the first line of defense for the safe operation of substations. The accuracy and rapidity of relay protection are directly related to the stability of the power system. Therefore, effectively detecting the fault informatio

1. IntroductionHigh-voltage/low-voltage prefabricated substations, commonly known as "prefabricated substations", are abbreviated as "prefab substations" or "box substations". In China, they have previously been referred to by various names such as "combined substations", "combined transformers", "factory-assembled compact substations", "box-type high-voltage power receiving units", and "prefabricated compact substations". In November 1995, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) off

1. Structural Classification of Substation Automation Systems1.1 Distributed System StructureThe distributed system structure is a technical architecture that realizes data collection and control through the collaborative work of multiple decentralized devices and control units. This system is composed of multiple functional modules, including monitoring and data storage units. These modules are interconnected through a reliable communication network and achieve substation automation operations

1. Performance Characteristics of Prefabricated Cabin - type SubstationsThe performance characteristics of prefabricated cabin - type substations are as follows:Small Footprint: With a modular design, it can adopt a two - layer three - dimensional layout, saving land acquisition costs.Flexibility in Station Construction: It has low requirements for the station site. The layout can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual on - site conditions (such as land shape and geology). It can be reloca